A Heritic Glosa Grammar

further thoughts on cows eating grass

sentence="cows eat grass"

main part="cows eat grass"

extra part=empty

the main part has indicate part + control part + info part

the speaker indicates/points out/ draws attention to "cows", says that control is in the normal order rather than reversed "eat", adds info to the sentence "grass"

indicate part=cows

info part= "grass"

indicate part/head1=the concept "cow", indicate/modify1of head1number=>1

indicate/modify2of head1=normal order

modify3of head2time=past,now,future,intermitent

modify4of head2=normal order

info part/head3=the concept "grass"

info part/modify3of head3number=1

indicate/head1="bovi",

indicate/modify1head1="plu"

indicate/modify2head1=omit

control/head2="vora"

modify3head2time="du"

modify4head2=omit

info/head3="gra"

info/modify5head3="u"

the sentence order is:- indicate + control order + info

the order in a part is :- mod number or, mod time first, followed by the other simple mods and ending with the head . empty or omit mods are left out

mod1 head1 mod3 head2 mod5 head3

"plu bovi du vora u gra"

(>1/plu cow/bovi du eat/vora u grass/gra)

u

"Plu bovi vora" could mean "cows eat" or "foods of the cow"

"Plu bovi pa vora" must mean "the cows ate". I have several times been puzzled by a glosa phrase's meaning in the present because writers have not marked the beginning of the time/control/verb part. To get round the problem, I used the word "du" with the english "do eat / did eat" in mind. However, there is some confusion with duration etc. Durante/o, dura, du . "Du" seems to mean "am eating" which usually suggests "at this moment" whereas I want "past + future +present intermitent" - "pa-nu-fu-frakti" ?!

i should be grateful if someone could suggest something to introduce the verb present clearly and briefly.

reverse process order ......

Cows eat grass

head concept of process section (verb phrase) - h1=eat

Modifier of h1 time -m1 of h1=past/present/future intermittent

m1h1=ppf int

M2h1process order=result + cause [res/cau]

cause=cow, result=grass

head of indicate section - H2=grass

M1h2number=one (singular noun)

M2h2process order= [res/cau]

headof info - h3=cow

M1h3number=more than one (plural noun)

M2h3process order= rescau

sentence order in glosa is indicate + process + inform

phrase order is simple modifiers + head + complex modifiers, the first modifier is either number or time these introduce the phrase

indic section

m1h2=u,

m2h1 here the process order is not indicated

h2=gra

process section

m1h1= I use "du" as in "do eat" in older english. I do so as "du" is related to " dura" continue, other writers translate "du" as "am eating" = talking about a short time. other writers leave the introductory word altogether and it is sometimes difficult to find where the phrases begin and end and where the head concept is. in glos they seem to use "ca" to express past/present/future, I suggest we use it too.

Usually, a sentence has the order cause + process + result, but here the order is reversed to rescau from caures.glosa indicates this by using the modifier "gene"

info section

h1=vora

info section

process order is rescau so glosa starts this section with the pre-modifier "per"

m1h3= more than one -> plu

h3=bovi

(u) gra du (or "ca") gene vora per plu bovi

Pronunciation

the rules as far as i see it are:-

learn english south eastern middle class sounds plus some scottish and

some italian .\ learn also the exceptions c g j q x z and sc .\ some of

these are not phonetic - one sound, one sign ......\

this is very confusing to anyone not english and without a roman

alphabet, without access to recordings of the sounds, being a trifle

confused generally and so on .\

i suggest that all letter signs in glosa have the same sounds as those

in the international phonetics alphabet, they should be made clearly,

accurately and completely .\ further we do without capitals in work to

be read by beginners etc .\

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Verb Tenses and Thinking in Glosa

"I am going to york." In english "am going" could mean am going now, at this moment, could mean during about 50 minutes, I am setting off in a few minutes, tomorrow etc. It can mean different contradictory things - translate into glosa and you have confusion! So forget the english and start afresh in Glosa.

/

"I go to york"

We need a reference point to which to anchor our time measurements.

/

If one sudden brief light flashes we think "flash" at the time in the present tense, later we think "flashed" in the past tense. Thinking in terms of a universal/general grammar or something like it, I suggest we anchor the time zero to when we think of the head word in the main verb phrase and we use the length of the sentence to fix the time borders. If the action or state takes place while the sentence is being thought, the tense is present. otherwise the tense is past or future. Sometimes the border may not be clear cut and we could have present?past etc

We now have

present

present past

present future

present past future

We could have the action/state's being continuous or intermitent/separate

"The earth rotates on its axis"= present past future continuous

"Most birds sleep at night", present past future intermittent/separate

One could have momentary present past or future momentary

du = present past future continous or intermittent

nu = present momentary or only

pa=past

fu=future

nu pa = present past

dura= continuous

lisi = intermittent

"i am going to york."* _in english "am going"posi semani *am going now ,* _a u-ci kron ,posi semani durante de 50minuta ,mi du sti ki in u oligo minuta ,fu-di etc . id pote semani plu hetero kontradice ra -translati ad-in glosa e vi du habe konfusi !so no-memo u english e sti neo in glosa .

/

"i go to york"

na du nece u refere punkta a qi te ankira plu na tem metri ./

"i go to york"

na du nece u refere punkta a qi te ankira plu na tem metri .

si mo subito brevi foto du flasc na du puta "flash" a u tem in u nu-tem *tense* _,ma tardi na du puta "flashed"in u pa-tem *tense* _.si na du puta in plu tekno-nima de u universa /generali gramatika alo uno-ra homo id ,mi du sugesti na du ankira u tem zero a kron na du puta de u cef verba in u major akti-verbi frasu e na uti u longi de u frase te fixa plu tem margina .si u akti alo stato du prende loka tem u frase du gene puta ,u *tense* _es nu-tem .hetero u *tense* _es pa-tem alo fu-tem .plu_kron u margina posi ne es klari seka e na posi habe present?past _

na nu-tem habe

present

present pa-tem

present fu-tem

present pa-tem fu-tem

na posi habe u akti /stato es dura alo *intermitent* /separa

"the earth rotates on its axis" = nu-tem pa-tem fu-tem dura

"most birds sleep atnight", nu-tem _pa-tem fu-tem *intermittent* _/separa

oneposi habe *momentary* _ nu-tem _pa-tem alo fu-tem *momentary* _

du= nu-tem _pa-tem fu-tem dura alo *intermittent* _

nu= nu-tem _ *momentary* _alo solo

pa=pa-tem

fu=fu-tem

nu *pa* _= nu-tem _pa-tem

dura=dura

lisi= *intermittent* _*momentary*

a heretic glosa grammar

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